IAB (Internet Architecture Board) > ISOC (Internet Society) -IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) > IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) -IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) > RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) IEEE ISO IEC CCITT ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Network infrastructures/interfaces/layers : coaxial cable, IEEE 802.3, Ethernet : - LAN (Local Area Network) X.25, satellite links, serial lines : - SLIP (Serial Line IP) SONET, SDH, point to point, ISDN: - PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) optic fiber: - FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) - ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) - SNA (System Network Architecture) -NDIS -ODI OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) Bridge - Interconnects LAN segments at the network interface layer level Router - Interconnects networks at the internetwork layer level Gateway - Interconnects networks at higher layers than bridges and routers. SGMP > SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) > SNMPv2 -MIB (Management Information Base) CLASS BASED ADDRESSING Class A 0 126 8/32 Class B 10 16382 16/32 Class C 110 2097150 24/32 Class D 1110 multicast 28/32 Class E 11110 future use 32/32 unicast (one), broadcast (all), multicast (some), and anycast (closest) 255.255.255.255 all hosts on the local subnet 128.128.255.128 all networks 128.128.128.255 all hosts broadcast 128.128.0.128 this network 128.128.128.0 this host 127.0.0.0 loopback PRIVATE 10.0.0.0: A single A 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.0: 16 B 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.0: 256 C CLASSLESS ADDRESSING <> SUBNETTING -static -variable length 255.255.255.0 254 255.255.255.240 14 Total subnets = 2 to the power of the bits borrowed Total hosts= 2 to the power of the bits remaining Usable subnets = 2 to the power of the bits borrowed minus 2 Usable hosts= 2 to the power of the bits remaining minus 2 the power of the rounded subnets # + network's class bits # = netmask prefix # [2 raised to the power of ( 32 - netmask prefix # )] - 2 = # of hosts for each subnet the broadcast address for Subnet # = the base address for next Subnet - 1 10000010.00000101.00000101.00011001 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 130.5.5.25 255.255.255.0 130.5.5.25 /24 ROUTING Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Base 2 binary 0,1 Base 10 decimal 0-9 Base 16 hexadecimal 0-9 A-F. ROUTED IP IPX DECnet AppleTalk Banyan VINES XNS UNROUTED MAC NetBEUI IGP's distance-vector Routing Information Protocol (RIP) [clasfull] (RIPv2) [classless] Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) cisco Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) [hybrid] cisco link-state Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System protocol (IS-IS) EGPs Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) [classfull] (BGP4) [classless]